KMS-28BM Xenograft Model Overview
The KMS-28BM xenograft model is derived from a human multiple myeloma cell line, specifically established from bone marrow aspirates of a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to bone destruction, anemia, and immune suppression. The KMS-28BM model is a critical preclinical tool used for studying the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma, understanding its metastatic behavior, and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. Due to its representation of bone marrow involvement, this xenograft model is highly valuable for testing drugs aimed at targeting both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, which includes bone marrow stromal cells and immune cells.
Request a Custom Quote for KMS-28BM Xenograft ModelBiological and Molecular Characteristics
KMS-28BM cells express surface markers such as CD38, CD138, and CD56, which are characteristic of malignant plasma cells. The model is known for its expression of high levels of immunoglobulin, which is commonly seen in multiple myeloma. Additionally, KMS-28BM cells harbor specific genetic abnormalities, including translocations and mutations in genes like t(4;14) and mutations in the NF-kB signaling pathway, both of which play key roles in the disease’s progression and resistance to treatment. The cells also exhibit hyperdiploidy and chromosomal instability, contributing to their aggressive growth pattern. KMS-28BM xenografts are characterized by bone marrow involvement and osteolytic lesions, making them particularly suitable for studying the interaction between multiple myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment.
| Marker | Expression Level | Function |
|---|---|---|
| CD38 | High | Plasma cell marker |
| CD138 | High | Characteristic of malignant plasma cells |
| Immunoglobulin | High | Secreted by plasma cells, a hallmark of myeloma |
| NF-kB | Dysregulated | Promotes cell survival and proliferation |
In Vivo Model Development and Tumorigenicity
The KMS-28BM xenograft model is established by implanting KMS-28BM cells into immunocompromised mice, typically NOD/SCID or NSG mice, which are unable to mount an immune response. Upon implantation, the cells form tumors in the bone marrow, closely mimicking the natural progression of multiple myeloma in humans. These tumors exhibit the classic features of myeloma, including bone marrow infiltration, osteolytic bone lesions, and systemic disease spread. The model is also useful for evaluating therapies targeting the bone microenvironment, such as bisphosphonates or denosumab, which aim to prevent bone destruction. Furthermore, the KMS-28BM model is often used to assess the efficacy of novel immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, by evaluating the immune landscape within the bone marrow and tumor microenvironment.
Request a Custom Quote for KMS-28BM Xenograft ModelHistopathology and Immunohistochemical Profile
Histopathological analysis of KMS-28BM xenografts reveals the presence of plasmacytoid cells within the bone marrow, with prominent infiltration of malignant plasma cells. The tumors exhibit the characteristic features of multiple myeloma, including irregular bone structures and osteolytic lesions. Immunohistochemical staining of KMS-28BM tumors shows high expression of CD38, CD138, and immunoglobulin, consistent with the plasma cell origin of the tumor. Additionally, markers of bone resorption such as TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) are often upregulated, indicating active osteolysis. The model also shows dysregulated NF-kB signaling, which contributes to the tumor’s resistance to conventional therapies. Staining for markers of angiogenesis, such as CD31, reveals a high degree of vascularization within the tumors, reflecting the aggressive nature of the model and its potential for metastasis.
Preclinical Applications and Drug Response
The KMS-28BM xenograft model is extensively used to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment modalities for multiple myeloma. Given the presence of genetic mutations in NF-kB and other critical pathways, the model is particularly valuable for testing inhibitors of NF-kB signaling, proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib, and immunomodulatory drugs such as lenalidomide. Furthermore, the KMS-28BM model is frequently used to test therapies aimed at modulating the bone microenvironment, including osteoclast inhibitors and bisphosphonates, to prevent bone resorption and improve outcomes in myeloma patients. In addition, this model is increasingly being utilized to evaluate immunotherapeutic approaches, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 (e.g., daratumumab) and CAR-T cell therapies, both of which have shown promise in clinical trials for multiple myeloma.
Request This Model
To request the KMS-28BM xenograft model for your preclinical studies, please use the form below. A customized quote and additional model specifications will be provided upon inquiry.
Request a Custom Quote for KMS-28BM Xenograft Model